Direct Speech / Quoted Speech & Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech & Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

a.   Direct Speech / Quoted Speech :  The sentence that write what someone’s say and uses a quotation marks (“…”) on the beginning and end of sentence.Example : Rico said,”I like this movie.” Or “I want to buy this book”,said Chika.

b.   Indirect Speech/Reported Speech : The sentence that report the someone’s say to other people (from direct speech).There is no quotation marks (“…”) in this sentence.Example :

Direct speech = I want to buy this book”,said Chika.

Indirect Speech = Chika said that she want to buy that book.

 There are some important things that we must to remember to change direct speech into indirect speech :

·        grammar. The rules :

Direct Speech                    Indirect Speech

          Simple Present                   -->      Simple Past

          Present Continous              -->     Past Continous

          Present Perfect                    -->    Past Perfect

          Present Perfect Continous  -->  Past perfect Continous

          Simple Past                         -->   Past Perfect

          Past Continous                    -->  Past Perfect Continous

          Past Perfect                         -->   Past Perfect

          Past Perfect Continous        -->  Past Perfect Continous

·        modal uses in the sentence :

Direct Speech    Indirect Speech

Will                -->      Would

Can               -->       Could

Must             -->        Had to

Shall             -->       Should

May              -->       Might

There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

·        time uses in the sentence:

Direct Speech      Indirect Speech

This                    -->    That

Today                 -->    Yesterday

These                 -->    Those

Now                    -->    Then

Last weekend      -->   The weekend before last/

                                      the previous weekend

Here                   -->    There

(a week) ago      -->     (a week) before

Tomorrow          -->     The next/following day

Next (week)      -->     The following (week)

·        Said, told and asked :

Asked : to report question

Told : With object inside

Said:  Without object inside

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