Direct Speech / Quoted Speech & Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

Direct Speech / Quoted Speech & Indirect Speech / Reported Speech

a.   Direct Speech / Quoted Speech :  The sentence that write what someone’s say and uses a quotation marks (“…”) on the beginning and end of sentence.Example : Rico said,”I like this movie.” Or “I want to buy this book”,said Chika.

b.   Indirect Speech/Reported Speech : The sentence that report the someone’s say to other people (from direct speech).There is no quotation marks (“…”) in this sentence.Example :

Direct speech = I want to buy this book”,said Chika.

Indirect Speech = Chika said that she want to buy that book.

 There are some important things that we must to remember to change direct speech into indirect speech :

·        grammar. The rules :

Direct Speech                    Indirect Speech

          Simple Present                   -->      Simple Past

          Present Continous              -->     Past Continous

          Present Perfect                    -->    Past Perfect

          Present Perfect Continous  -->  Past perfect Continous

          Simple Past                         -->   Past Perfect

          Past Continous                    -->  Past Perfect Continous

          Past Perfect                         -->   Past Perfect

          Past Perfect Continous        -->  Past Perfect Continous

·        modal uses in the sentence :

Direct Speech    Indirect Speech

Will                -->      Would

Can               -->       Could

Must             -->        Had to

Shall             -->       Should

May              -->       Might

There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to.

·        time uses in the sentence:

Direct Speech      Indirect Speech

This                    -->    That

Today                 -->    Yesterday

These                 -->    Those

Now                    -->    Then

Last weekend      -->   The weekend before last/

                                      the previous weekend

Here                   -->    There

(a week) ago      -->     (a week) before

Tomorrow          -->     The next/following day

Next (week)      -->     The following (week)

·        Said, told and asked :

Asked : to report question

Told : With object inside

Said:  Without object inside

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THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING COULD BE DEVASTATING

Dialogue :

Toya   : “Hi, good morning .Am I not mistaken seeing you taking a bus to  school ?”

Ayi R  : “What’s wrong with taking a bus ? I’m trying to reduce the global worming.”

Toya   : “Global warming ? What is it ?”

Ayi R  : “Global warming has became the hottest issue in the world today.”

Toya   : “Well , I never watch or read the news.So what is it?”

Ayi R : “Our world faces a very serious threat of global warming now.There is a rise in temperature of   the earth’s atmosphere.”

Toya   : “How come ?”

Ayi R  : “Well,human activities all over the globe release excessive amount of carbon dioxide ,methane ,and other gases into  the atmosphere.They produce greenhouse gases and trap the sun’s energy so it keeps heat from escaping .That’s what causes the global warming.”

Toya     : “Does it affect us ?”

Ayi R    : “Sure.it causes changes in climate. A warmer earth may lead to changes in rainfall patterns , a rice in sea level,and a wide range of imfacts on plants,wildlife and humans.”

Toya     : “Is there anything we can do to stop the global warming ?”

Ayi R    : “Perhaps it’s too late to stop the global warming,but there are always thing we can do to put the brakes on the global warming.Well,climate scientists have proposed some solutions.”

Toya     : “Such as ?”

Ayi R    : “They propose to reduce the gasoline comsumption by 10 per cent. Ride you bike or take public transport to go to school .They also propose that we unplug the electronic devices when not is use , reduce the garbage by buying product with less packaging,and we are also encouraged to use recycled paper.”

Toya     : “Those are easy to do !”

Ayi R    : “They can make a big difference though.”

Toya     : “Hey,I’ve got an idea . Let’s put this issue on the school board magazine so that many more people are encouraged to reduce the global warming.”

Ayi R    : “That’s blilliant . I can’t wait to write about it.”